Saturday, February 4, 2012

Fwd: Billion

From: larry.r.trout@
Billion

'What is a Billion?

Since coming to America in 1990, I've never been unable to understand this insistence on redefining what a "billion" is, unless it's to make the national debt seem even bigger.

In England, a million is (or at least it was) a thousand squared. A billion is a million squared. A trillion is a million cubed. It's all very logical. The prefix "mono" means "one", "bi" means "two", and "tri" means "three":

one  million = 1,000,000                                     = one million ^ 1

one  billion = a million million         = a million squared = one million ^ 2

one trillion = a million million million = a million cubed   = one million ^ 3

In the USA, the prefix "bi" seems to be used to mean 1.5, and "tri" means 2:

one  million = 1,000,000

one  billion = one million ^ 1.5

one trillion = one million ^ 2

Can anyone explain the logic in this? A biplane is not an aeroplane with one and a half wings. A tricycle doesn't have two wheels. In fact it has three. And a bicycle has two wheels, not one and a half. This must be the "new math" everyone keeps talking about.

Here's one reply I got:

    Oh, you English people are just silly. Since when does "tri" mean

    "cubed" and "bi" mean "squared"? They mean "three of" and "two of,"

    respectively, of course. By your system, a bicycle would have only one

    wheel (1^2), and a tricycle would have only one wheel (1^3). It's your

    English system that's all screwed up.

    (I'm naturally neglecting an explanation of why a "billion" doesn't mean

    "two of a million.")

    :-)

    So what name do you give to 1,000,000,000, if it's not a billion?

    --

    Barry E. Brown                                  Internet: bbrown@sna.com

    Sacramento Network Access

    System Administrator/Technical Support/Engineering

    Home page: http://www.sna.com/bbrown/

I know this is in good humour, but here's my semi-serious reply:

What name do you give to     1,000,000?      Answer: A million

What name do you give to     7               Answer: Seven

What name do you give to     7,000,000?      Answer: Seven million

What name do you give to    10               Answer: Ten

What name do you give to    10,000,000       Answer: Ten million

What name do you give to   100               Answer: A hundred

What name do you give to   100,000,000?      Answer: A hundred million

What name do you give to 1,000               Answer: A thousand

What name do you give to 1,000,000,000?      Answer: A thousand million

Does that answer your question? 1,000,000,000 is a thousand million.

Finally, what name do you give to 1,000,000,000,000?

Answer: A million million, which is clumsy, hence "billion" as an abbreviation for "million twice".

I still stand by my logic, although I'm told that since I left England, even the BBC has given up its standards. Oh well, that's progress, I suppose.

At least the BBC hasn't compromised yet on the fact that the third millennium begins on 1st January 2001, not on 1st January 2000 like the rest of the uneducated masses think... (Don't make me explain it :-)

Another attentive reader sent me the following excerpt from the Oxford English Dictionary:

I checked my copy of the Oxford English Dictionary, and according to their

explanation, the problem was caused by the French. Of course, we should have

suspected this.

    Billion [a. F. billion, purposely formed in 16th c. to denote the

    second power of a MILLION. (by substituting BI- prefix for the

    initial letters), trillion and quadrillion being similarly formed to

    denote its 3rd and 4th powers. The name appears not to have been

    adopted in England before the end of the 17th c. Subsequently the

    application of the word was changed by French arithmeticians,

    figures being divided in numeration into groups of threes, instead

    of sixes, so that F. billion, trillion now denote not the second and

    third powers of a million, but a thousand millions and a thousand

    thousand millions.  Eng. retains the original and etymological use.]'

http://www.stuartcheshire.org/rants/Billion.html

Tuesday, January 10, 2012

Extraversion and introversion

The relative importance of nature versus environment in determining the level of extraversion is controversial and the focus of many studies. Twin studies find a genetic component of 39% to 58%. In terms of the environmental component, the shared family environment appears to be far less important than individual environmental factors that are not shared between siblings.

Eysenck proposed that extraversion was caused by variability in cortical arousal. He hypothesized that introverts are characterized by higher levels of activity than extraverts and so are chronically more cortically aroused than extraverts. The fact that extraverts require more external stimulation than introverts has been interpreted as evidence for this hypothesis. Other evidence of the "stimulation" hypothesis is that introverts salivate more than extraverts in response to a drop of lemon juice.

Extraversion has been linked to higher sensitivity of the mesolimbic dopamine system to potentially rewarding stimuli. This in part explains the high levels of positive affect found in extraverts, since they will more intensely feel the excitement of a potential reward. One consequence of this is that extraverts can more easily learn the contingencies for positive reinforcement, since the reward itself is experienced as greater.

One study found that introverts have more blood flow in the frontal lobes of their brain and the anterior or frontal thalamus, which are areas dealing with internal processing, such as planning and problem solving. Extraverts have more blood flow in the anterior cingulate gyrus, temporal lobes, and posterior thalamus, which are involved in sensory and emotional experience.  This study and other research indicates that introversion-extraversion is related to individual differences in brain function.



Friday, December 9, 2011

Playboy Interview: Craig Ferguson : Playboy.com

PLAYBOY: There's a weird irony in setting out to kill yourself because of alcohol but forgetting to do it because you drank too much alcohol.

FERGUSON: The paradox of alcoholism is that the very thing that's killing you is the only thing keeping you going. It's like having an allergy to air. It's a complicated and tricky condition, and it gets misdiagnosed and misrepresented in the media all the time.

PLAYBOY: Couldn't you get out there and help set the record straight?

FERGUSON: I am leery of doing that. I won't go on those doctor panel TV shows and talk about alcoholism. I'm quite happy to talk about my story, but I'm not an expert and I'm not foolish enough to think that because I'm on television it's given me some sort of medical degree. It hasn't. I don't know how it is for other people; I only know how it is for me.

PLAYBOY: How would you define your alcoholism?

FERGUSON: [Pauses] If I'm going to drink, I'm going to get drunk. Good and drunk. And if I can't do that, I'm not interested. You know when people are drinking and they say, "Oh I'm starting to feel it. I better stop." No, no, no. Starting to feel it is the start of drinking. That's the point of drinking. That's my perspective. And I would suggest that that perspective is probably unhealthy. It certainly was for me.



Sent from my iPhone

Tuesday, September 27, 2011

Nancy Grace denies "DWTS"

http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/27/us-nancygrace-idUSTRE78Q5KN20110927

Wednesday, September 21, 2011

Re: Mexico

 larry.r.trout wrote:

'Suspected drug traffickers dumped 35 bodies at rush hour beneath a busy overpass in the heart of a major Gulf coast city as gunmen pointed weapons at frightened drivers. Mexican authorities said Wednesday they are examining surveillance video for clues to who committed the crime.

Horrified motorists grabbed cell phones and sent Twitter messages warning others to avoid the area near the biggest shopping mall in Boca del Rio, part of the metropolitan area of Veracruz city.'

http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mexico-horror-gunmen-dump-35-bodies-avenue-14570209

Any thoughts?


Yeah. Don't go to Mexico.  

Monday, August 15, 2011

How I see life.

Now that I am over 50 I see life a little differently.

First and foremost, I think that life is a big con. Most of things we are told or think that we know are either outright lies or spin. It is in human nature to present things in a way that works to our advantage, and we create complex realities that when broken down to the essence don't mean very much.

Our entertainment is remarkably hedonistic and/or narcissistic. It has no real value except for the fact that entertains us, which I suppose does give it some value. We make heroes out of entertainers, when real heroes are largely ignored. I am concerned about the "garbage" entertainment that has a corrupting influence on society and youth.

We waste time on trivial things for the sake of wasting time.

Our politics are mostly about benefiting ourselves at the expense of others.

In my mind, the difference between adults and children is not a matter of age, but a willingness and ability to do things that we don't want to do. The World War II generation understood this. Later generations less so.

However, I see hope in hard times because it forces people to be more efficient and moves them back to some sense of "values." Oddly enough, I think that the country is moving in the right direction. I just don't know where we will be a couple of decades from now.

Best wishes,

John Coffey

Wednesday, August 3, 2011

Hills

<<hills.JPG>> One thing interesting about this picture is that life
will exist anywhere it can get a foothold.

Monday, July 25, 2011

Solar Roads - great idea

I don't think that this will ever be practical but I could always be wrong.    For one thing, the cost of solar materials alone is more expensive to generate electricity and only have a 10 year useful life.  Someone needs to invent better solar materials.  

Actual I had the same idea to power electric cars but never dreamed of making the roads out of glass.  I assumed that new materials would have to be invented. 


Sent from my iPhone



From: al 


 
This incredible technology! Something that really helps bring hope for the future! 
 
Al 
 
 

 

 

 

Solar Roads:
 
Maybe this is something we all should be working on in industry.  Makes the current technology for road building look antique. 
Certainly beats the national broadband network and would be incorporated into the road's surface.

  
What a great idea!  
    
       
Link:     http://www.wimp.com/solarhighways/  
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 
 
 
   
   
   
 
    
 
    

 

-------------------------------Safe Stamp-----------------------------------
Your Anti-virus Service scanned this email. It is safe from known viruses.
For more information regarding this service, please contact your service provider.


I am using the Free version of SPAMfighter.
SPAMfighter has removed 716 of my spam emails to date.

Do you have a slow PC? Try free scan!

Friday, May 13, 2011

Winston Churchill :-)


When Hitler invaded the Soviet Union, Winston Churchill, a vehement anti-Communist, famously stated "If Hitler invaded Hell, I would at least make a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons," 




"The inherent vice of capitalism is the unequal sharing of the blessings.  The inherent blessing of socialism is the equal sharing of misery."


Saturday, May 7, 2011

A young writer


I finally realized that I must do my schoolwork to keep from being ignorant, to get on in life, to become a journalist, because that's what I want! I know I can write ..., but it remains to be seen whether I really have talent ...

And if I don't have the talent to write books or newspaper articles, I can always write for myself. But I want to achieve more than that. I can't imagine living like Mother, Mrs. van Daan and all the women who go about their work and are then forgotten. I need to have something besides a husband and children to devote myself to! ...

I want to be useful or bring enjoyment to all people, even those I've never met. I want to go on living even after my death! And that's why I'm so grateful to God for having given me this gift, which I can use to develop myself and to express all that's inside me!

When I write I can shake off all my cares. My sorrow disappears, my spirits are revived! But, and that's a big question, will I ever be able to write something great, will I ever become a journalist or a writer?

"

—Anne Frank


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Frank


Tuesday, March 15, 2011

books

Electronic books can’t be given away.  The ideal book is one that you can give to a friend when you are done.  Even better if they pass it on.

 

Thursday, January 20, 2011

Re: 111

Well, essentially it is saying that if you take the year of your birth and add your age then you get the equivalent of 2011.  Not very magical.   It only looks like 111 because it doesn't include the 19__ portion of your birthdate.  

Interesting though.  




On Jan 20, 2011, at 2:10 PM, Geneva  wrote:



--- On Tue, 1/18/11, Carolyn wrote:


 

 

 

WEll...figure this one out...and let me know how it works...Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm....

 


 

Ok look at this.. Its 2011 so we will have 1/1/11.....1/11/11.....11/1/11....11/11/11...

Now take last two digets of the year you were born and the age you will be in 2011 add them together and you will have 111

Example:  If you were born in 62, you will be 49.. 62 + 49 = 111

Try it.